Moyamoya Disease

Moyamoya disease is a condition where there is progressive blockage or occlusion of the ends of the internal carotid arteries and their major "terminal" branches in the brain. On a cerebral angiogram a classic sign is a puff of smoke appearance which is actually a bunch of tiny vessels due to the blockage. The term moya means tiny in Japanese. This disease affects children as well as adults. The main cause of the disease is unknown but there are some other diseases associated with moyamoya including some neurocutaneous syndromes (like meningitis, down syndrome and others). Symptoms in children are strokes, and seizures. In adults symptoms include brain hemorrhage and strokes brought on by headaches neurological impairments, and sudden collapse. If the hemorrhage is deep within the brain it is termed an intraparenchymal hemorrhage. To diagnose the disease a CT scan, a MRI, or a MRA to view the vessels in the brain. For treatment of this disease surgery is the preferred method. The surgery may include removal of the hematoma in the brain, clipping an aneurysm, or doing a brain bypass.

Reference:

www.brain-aneurysm.com/mmd.html

Angiofibroma

Angiofibroma, often referred to as juvenile angiofibroma, is a beguine tumor within the nasal cavity. It is mostly common in males up to the age of 15. It can grow to be so large that it may distort and displace surrounding tissues. CT or MRI can display the location of the tumor and angiography is used to visualize any vessels that are supplying blood to it, which usually is the maxillary artery. Because of the tumors high vascularity it is usually not biopsied. Surgically removing the tumor is preferred and preoperative embolisation has been shown to significantly reduce blood loss during the procedure. Radiotherapy can be used for tumors that are risky, hard to reach, or recurrent. Hormonal treatment may also become a possibility. Symptoms include nosebleeds, pressure, mass appearing under the skin on the cheek, and may cause vision problems. The culprit of the condition is unknown but suspected to be because of the release of sex hormones.

References:

www.radpod.org/2007/07/06/juvenile-angiofibroma/

http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijorl/vol4n1/angiofibroma.xml